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	<title>Code: Flickr Developer Blog &#187; geo</title>
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	<link>http://code.flickr.com/blog</link>
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			<item>
		<title>In case you wanted to bake us a cake &#8230;.</title>
		<link>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/11/13/in-case-you-wanted-to-bake-us-a-cake/</link>
		<comments>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/11/13/in-case-you-wanted-to-bake-us-a-cake/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Nov 2009 16:26:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>kellan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cake]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quotable]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://code.flickr.com/blog/?p=1152</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ian Sanchez has proposed a new geo data &#8220;test for freeness&#8221; in the spirit of the Debian project&#8217;s tests for free software.
A set of geodata, or a map, is libre only if somebody can give you a cake with that map on top, as a present. &#8211; Ian Sanchez

I mention this because the Flickr Shapefiles [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ian Sanchez has proposed a new geo data &#8220;test for freeness&#8221; in the spirit of the <a href="http://debian.org">Debian</a> project&#8217;s tests for free software.</p>
<blockquote style="margin-right:25px;margin-left:20px;margin-bottom:30px;"><p style="font-style:italic;">A set of geodata, or a map, is libre only if somebody can give you a cake with that map on top, as a present. &#8211; <a href="http://www.opengeodata.org/2009/11/11/921/">Ian Sanchez</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>I mention this because the <a href="http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/21/flickr-shapefiles-public-dataset-10/">Flickr Shapefiles</a> can be used unencumbered as a cake decoration.  And we like cake.  We like photos of cake as well.  But we prefer cake.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>&#8220;That&#8217;s maybe a bit too dorky, even for us.&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/09/28/thats-maybe-a-bit-too-dorky-even-for-us/</link>
		<comments>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/09/28/thats-maybe-a-bit-too-dorky-even-for-us/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2009 17:50:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aaron</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[machine tags]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[open street maps]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tagging]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://code.flickr.com/blog/?p=1094</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[

photo by rabbitier

Around the time we added support for Open Plaques machine tags Frankie Roberto, the project lead, asked: &#8220;What about supporting Open Street Map (OSM) way machine tags?&#8221;
My immediate response was something along the lines of &#8220;That&#8217;s maybe a bit too dorky, even for us.&#8221; Which meant that I kept thinking about it. And [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="margin-bottom:30px;margin-top:30px;">
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/rabbitier/3776861543/"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3562/3776861543_d3f69d390b.jpg" width="500" height="322" style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:10px;margin-bottom:10px;"/></a></p>
<p style="font-size:small;text-align:right;"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/rabbitier/">photo by rabbitier</a></p>
</div>
<p>Around the time we added <a href="http://www.frankieroberto.com/weblog/1454">support for Open Plaques machine tags</a> Frankie Roberto, the project lead, asked: &#8220;What about supporting Open Street Map (OSM) <code>way</code> machine tags?&#8221;</p>
<p>My immediate response was something along the lines of &#8220;That&#8217;s maybe a bit too dorky, even for us.&#8221; Which meant that I kept thinking about it. And now we&#8217;re doing it.</p>
<p>If you&#8217;re not sure way what a &#8220;way&#8221; is, it&#8217;s best to start with OpenStreetMap&#8217;s own description of <a href="http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Elements">how their metadata is structured</a>:</p>
<blockquote style="border-top:solid thin; border-bottom:solid thin;font-family:monospace;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding:20px;font-size:small;">
<p>Our maps are made up of only a few simple elements, namely nodes, ways and relations. Each element may have an arbitrary number of properties (a.k.a. Tags) which are Key-Value pairs (e.g. highway=primary) &#8230;</p>
<p>A node is the basic element of the OSM scheme. Nodes consist of latitude and longitude (a single geospacial point) &#8230;</p>
<p>A way is an ordered interconnection of at least 2 and at most 2000 nodes that describe a linear feature such as a street, or similar. Should you reach the node limit simply split your way and group all ways in a relation if necessary. Nodes can be members of multiple ways.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Frankie&#8217;s interest is principally in marking up buildings in and around Manchester, where he lives. When he <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/frankieroberto/3396068360/">tags one of his photos with <code>osm:way=30089216</code></a> we can fetch the metadata (the key-value pairs) for that way <a href="http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/index.php/OSM_Protocol_Version_0.6#Read:_GET_.2Fapi.2F0.6.2F.5Bnode.7Cway.7Crelation.5D.2F.23id">using the OSM API</a> and see that it has the following properties:</p>
<pre style="margin-bottom:30px;">
&lt;osm version=&quot;0.6&quot; generator=&quot;OpenStreetMap server&quot;&gt;
	&lt;way id=&quot;30089216&quot; visible=&quot;true&quot; timestamp=&quot;2009-07-04T12:02:47Z&quot; version=&quot;2&quot; changeset=&quot;1728727&quot; user=&quot;Frankie Roberto&quot; uid=&quot;515&quot;&gt;
		&lt;nd ref=&quot;331415447&quot;/&gt;
		&lt;nd ref=&quot;331415448&quot;/&gt;
		&lt;nd ref=&quot;331415449&quot;/&gt;
		&lt;nd ref=&quot;331415450&quot;/&gt;
		&lt;nd ref=&quot;331415447&quot;/&gt;
		&lt;tag k=&quot;architect&quot; v=&quot;Woodhouse, Corbett &amp; Dean&quot;/&gt;
		<b style="color:pink;">&lt;tag k=&quot;building&quot; v=&quot;yes&quot;/&gt;</b>
		&lt;tag k=&quot;created_by&quot; v=&quot;Potlatch 0.10f&quot;/&gt;
		<b style="color:pink;">&lt;tag k=&quot;name&quot; v=&quot;St George&#x27;s House&quot;/&gt;</b>
		&lt;tag k=&quot;old_name&quot; v=&quot;YMCA&quot;/&gt;
		&lt;tag k=&quot;start_date&quot; v=&quot;1911&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;/way&gt;
&lt;/osm&gt;
</pre>
<p>That allows to us &#8220;expand&#8221; the original machine tag and display a short caption next to the photo, in this case: <i>&#8220;St George&#8217;s House is a building in OpenStreetMap&#8221;</i> with a link back to <a href="http://www.openstreetmap.org/browse/way/30089216">the web page for that way on the OSM site</a>.</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:30px;margin-top:30px;">
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/mbiddulph/3888509266/"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3486/3888509266_374b161456.jpg" width="500" height="333" style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:10px;margin-bottom:10px;" /></a></p>
<p style="font-size:small;text-align:right;"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/mbiddulph/">photo by Matt Biddulph</a></p>
</div>
<p>The technical terms for this process is &#8220;<a href="http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/07/06/extraextraextra/">Adding the machine tags extra love</a>&#8220;.</p>
<p>You may have noticed that there are a bunch of other key-value pairs in that example, like the name of the architect, that we don&#8217;t do anything with. Which attributes are we looking for, then? The short answer is: Not most of them. The <a href="http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/index.php/Map_features">complete list of map features in OSM</a> is a bit daunting in scope and constantly changing. It would be nice to imagine that we could keep pace with the discussions and the churn but that&#8217;s just not going to happen. If nothing else, the translations alone would become unmanageable.</p>
<p>Instead we&#8217;re going to start small and see where it takes us. Here are the list of tagged features in a <code>way</code> or <code>node</code> definition that we pay attention to, and how they&#8217;ll be displayed:</p>
<ul style="margin-bottom:30px;">
<li>
<p><b>k=name v={NAME}</b><br /> &#8230; is a feature in OpenStreetMap <i>(If present, with another recognized tag we will display the name for the thing being described in place of the more generic &#8220;this is a&#8230;&#8221;)</i></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b>k=building v=yes</b><br /> &#8230; is a building in OpenStreetMap</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b>k=historic</b><br />&#8230; is an historic site in OpenStreetMap
        </li>
<li>
<p><b>k=cycleway</b><br /> &#8230; is a bicycle path in OpenStreetMap</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b>k=motorway (v=cycleway)</b><br /> &#8230; is a highway in OpenStreetMap <i>(unless <strong>v</strong> is &#8220;cycleway&#8221; in which case it&#8217;s a bike path)</i></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b>k=railway v=subway <i>(or tram or monorail or light_rail)</i></b><br /> &#8230; is a subway <i>(or tram or monorail or light_rail)</i> line in OpenStreetMap</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b>k=railway v=station</b><br /> &#8230; is a train station in OpenStreetMap; if the type of railway is also defined (above) then we&#8217;ll be specific about the type of station. <i>I should mention that as of this writing we&#8217;re still waiting for the translations for &#8220;this is a train station&#8221; to come back because I, uh&#8230; anyway, real soon now.</i></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b>k=waterway v=stream <i>(or canal or river)</i></b><br /> &#8230; this is a stream <i>(or canal or river)</i> in OpenStreetMap</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b>k=landuse v=farm <i>(or forest)</i></b><br /> &#8230; this is a farm <i>(or forest)</i> in OpenStreetMap</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b>k=natural v=forest <i>(or beach)</i></b><br /> &#8230; this is a forest <i>(or beach)</i> in OpenStreetMap</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Which means: We&#8217;ve almost certainly got at least some of it wrong. Anyone familiar with OSM features will probably be wondering why we haven&#8217;t included <code><a href="http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/index.php/Map_features#Amenity">amentiy</a></code> or <code><a href="http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/index.php/Map_features#Shop">shop</a></code> tags since they contain a wealth of useful information. I hope we will, but it wasn&#8217;t clear how we should decide which features to support (more importantly, which to exclude) and the number of possible combinations were starting to get a bit out of hand and we have this little photo-sharing site to keep running.</p>
<p style="font-style:italic;">This is the part where I casually mention that we&#8217;ve also added <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/foursquare:venue=">machine tags extra love for Four Square venues IDs</a>. I&#8217;m just saying&#8230;</p>
<p>The features we&#8217;re starting with may seem a bit odd, with a heavy focus on natural land features (and train stations). Some of this is a by-product of the work we&#8217;ve been pursuing with the <a href="http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/06/the-absence-and-the-anchor/">alpha shapes and &#8220;donut holes&#8221;</a>, derived from geotagged photos, and some of it is just trying to shine the spotlight on places and environments that we take for granted.</p>
<p>Like I said, we&#8217;ve almost certainly got at least some of it wrong but hopefully we got part of it right and can correct the rest as we go. This one is definitely a bit more of an experiment than some of the others.</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:30px;margin-top:30px;">
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/artistofmimicry/2977379629/in/set-72157607092403287/"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3160/2977379629_b6263b39da.jpg" height="500" width="362" style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:10px;margin-left:50px;margin-bottom:10px;" /></a></p>
<p style="font-size:small;text-align:right;"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/artistofmimicry/">photo by artistofmimicry</a></p>
</div>
<p>Finally, in the tangentially related department we finished wiring up the RSS/syndication feeds to work properly with wildcard machine tags. That means you can subscribe to a feed of all the (public) photos tagged with <code><a  href="http://api.flickr.com/services/feeds/photos_public.gne?tags=osm%3Away%3D&#038;lang=en-us&#038;format=rss_200">osm:way=</a></code> or <code><a href="http://api.flickr.com/services/feeds/photos_public.gne?tags=osm%3Anode%3D&#038;lang=en-us&#038;format=rss_200">osm:node=</a></code> or, if you&#8217;re like me, all the photos of places to eat in <a href="http://www.dopplr.com/">Dopplr</a> with <code><a href="http://api.flickr.com/services/feeds/photos_public.gne?tags=dopplr%3Aeat%3D&#038;lang=en-us&#038;format=rss_200">dopplr:eat=</a></code>.</p>
<p>Enjoy!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/09/28/thats-maybe-a-bit-too-dorky-even-for-us/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>horse=yes</title>
		<link>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/07/22/horseyes/</link>
		<comments>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/07/22/horseyes/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 21:22:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aaron</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[community]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[maps]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[osm]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://code.flickr.com/blog/?p=1014</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[   ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="margin-bottom:30px;margin-top:20px;">
		<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/straup/3709466805/" title="a map Jason Bourne could eat cake on by straup, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2585/3709466805_5665c4751a.jpg" width="500" height="290" alt="a map Jason Bourne could eat cake on" style="border:none;padding:10px;" /></a
	</div>
<blockquote style="margin-right:25px;margin-left:20px;margin-bottom:30px;">
<p style="font-style:italic;">Yes, I got a bit emotional at the third OpenStreetMap conference, held in the CCC, Amsterdam last weekend &#8212; mainly because this globe we are on is the only one we know &#8212; we really are mapping our universe, doing it our way. Creating the world we want to live in. I thought it worth while to say &#8220;Thanks&#8221; to some people. Being British, the feeling of being a bit foolish stopped me from being too effusive!</p>
<p style="text-align:right;font-size:small;">&#8212; <a href="http://thinkwhere.wordpress.com/2009/07/15/were-making-the-world-weve-always-wanted-to-live-in-sotm09/">Tim Waters</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>A couple weeks ago I had the pleasure of attending, and the privilege of speaking at, the <a href="http://www.stateofthemap.org/">State of the Map</a> conference in Amsterdam. I told the story of how we came to use <a href="http://www.openstreetmap.org/">Open Street Maps</a> (OSM), how it works on the backend and talked a little bit about what we&#8217;d like to do next: Moving beyond &#8220;bags of tiles&#8221;, a better way to keep up to date with changes to the OSM database and, for good measure, a little bit of tree-hugging at the end.</p>
<div style="margin-left:35px;text-align:center;margin-bottom:30px;margin-top:20px;padding:10px;border:1px dotted #ccc; width:425px;max-width:425px;">
		<object style="margin:0px" width="425" height="355"><param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=sotm-090710141740-phpapp01&#038;stripped_title=communities-of-authority" /><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/><embed src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=sotm-090710141740-phpapp01&#038;stripped_title=communities-of-authority" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"></embed></object>
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<p>Most of all, though, I wanted to take the opportunity to thank the OSM community. To thank them for making Flickr, the thing that we care about and work on all day, better. To thank them for proving the nay-sayers wrong.</p>
<p>To say that OSM started with an audacious plan (to map the entire world by &#8220;hand&#8221; one neighbourhood and one person at a time) would be an understatement. You would have been forgiven, at the time, for laughing.</p>
<p>And yet, in a few short years they are well on their way having nurtured both a community of users and an infrastructure of tools that makes it hard to ever imagine a world <i>without</i> Open Street Maps. In the U.K. alone, as <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/mukih/beyond-good-enough-spatial-data-quality-and-openstreetmap-data">Muki Haklay demonstrated</a>, they have produced a free and open dataset whose coverage and fidelity rivals those created by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordnance_Survey">Ordinance Survey</a> with its government funding and 250-year head start.</p>
<p>That is really exciting both because of the opportunities that such a rich and comprehensive dataset provide but also because it proves what is <i>possible</i>. The Internets are still a pretty great place that way.</p>
<div  style="margin-bottom:30px;margin-top:20px;">
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/russelldavies/3728537691/" title="mugs by russelldavies, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2594/3728537691_39b1c79c44.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="mugs"  style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:10px;margin-bottom:10px;" /></a><br />
</p>
<div style="text-align:right;font-size:small;">photo by <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/russelldavies/">russelldavies</a></div>
</div>
<p>There were too many excellent talks to list them all, but here&#8217;s a short (ish) list that betrays some of my interests and biases:</p>
<ul style="margin-left:25px;margin-right:20px;font-family:sans-serif;">
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/harrywood/sotm09-talk-community-smoothness">Harry Wood&#8217;s talk on tagging in OSM</a>. I actually missed this talk and after seeing the slides I am doubly disappointed. Open Street Map is not just the raw geographic  data that people collect but also all the metadata that is used to describe it. OSM uses a simple tagging system for recording &#8220;<a href="http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Mapfeatures">map features</a>&#8221; and Harry&#8217;s talk on managing the chaos, navigating the disputes and juggling the possibilities looked like it was really interesting.</p>
<p><i>(The title of this post is, in fact, a gentle poke at the black sheep of the OSM tagging world. There really are map features tagged &#8220;<a href="http://quakr.blogspot.com/2007/07/state-of-openstreetmap-horseyes-again.html">horse=yes</a>&#8221; which is mostly hilarious until you remember how much has been accomplished with a framework that allows for tags like that.)</i></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The Sunday afternoon maps-and-history love-fest that included Frankie Roberto&#8217;s &#8220;<a href="http://www.slideshare.net/frankieroberto/mapp-history-on-open-street-map">Mapping History on Open Street Map</a>&#8220;, Tim Water&#8217;s &#8220;<a href="http://www.slideshare.net/chippy/open-historical-maps-at-state-of-the-map-sotm-2009-amsterdam">Open Historical Maps</a>&#8221; and the Dutch Nationaal Archief&#8217;s presenting &#8220;<a href="http://www.slideshare.net/kennisland/mapit1418">MapIt 1418</a>&#8220;, a project to allow users to add suggested locations for their photos in the <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationaalarchief/">Flickr Commons</a>!</p>
<p><i>Tim&#8217;s been doing work for <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/nypl/">The New York Public Library</a>, another Flickr Commons member, and MapWarper (the code that powers the <a href="http://dev.maps.nypl.org/warper/">NYPL&#8217;s historical map rectifier</a>) is an open source project and available on <a href="http://github.com/timwaters/mapwarper/tree">GitHub</a>.</i></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Mikel Maron&#8217;s &#8220;<a href="http://vimeo.com/5607286">Free and Open Palestine</a>&#8221; (the slides are <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/mikel_maron/free-and-open-palestine">here</a> but you should really watch the video) which is an amazing story of collecting map data in the West Bank and Gaza.</p>
<p><i>Mikel was also instrumental in creating a <a href="http://www.stateofthemap.org/2009/06/22/osi-scholarships/">scholarship program to pay the travel and lodging expenses for 15 members from the OSM community</a>, from all over the world, to attend the conference. Because he&#8217;s kind of awesome, that way.</i></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>But that&#8217;s just me. I&#8217;d encourage you to spend some time poking around all the other presentations that are available online:</p>
<ul style="margin-left:25px;margin-right:20px;font-family:sans-serif;">
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/tag/sotm09">Presentations tagged &#8220;sotm09&#8243; on Slideshare.</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://vimeo.com/sotm09">Videos tagged &#8220;sotm09&#8243; on Vimeo.</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/sotm09">Photos tagged &#8220;sotm09&#8243; on Flickr</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/State_Of_The_Map_2009">The complete State of the Map schedule on the OSM website</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Despite the &#8220;bag of tiles&#8221; approach for using OSM on Flickr getting a bit old it still works so as of right here, right now:</p>
<ul style="margin-left:25px;margin-right:20px;font-family:sans-serif;">
<li>
<p>In <a href="http://www.flickr.com/places/vietnam/">Vietnam</a>, we&#8217;ve added OSM tiles for <a href="http://www.flickr.com/map?place_id=L.CstOiYA5_7VNSt">Ha Noi</a> and <a href="http://www.flickr.com/map?place_id=3wLzgz6YA5ns4Pn0">Ho Chi Minh City</a> <i>(see also: <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/khanhlnq/state-of-vietnam">The State of Vietnam</a>)</i>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>In <a href="http://www.flickr.com/places/cuba/">Cuba</a>, we&#8217;ve added OSM tiles for <a href="http://www.flickr.com/map?place_id=5mns2QSfApT9oA">Havana</a> <i>(see also: <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/elpbatista/elpbatista-sotm09-lightning-talk">The State of Cuba</a>)</i>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>In <a href="http://www.flickr.com/places/chile">Chile</a>, we&#8217;ve added OSM tiles for <a href="http://www.flickr.com/map?place_id=KFMRRQOaBZW2bNE">Santiago</a> <i>(if there was a State of Chile presentation I missed it and haven&#8217;t found any slides online so instead I&#8217;ll just link to this <a href="http://www.openstreetmap.org/user/Zambelli%20Limitada/diary/2598">lovely localized version of OSM for Chilean users</a>)</i>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>We&#8217;ve also refreshed the tiles for <a href="http://www.flickr.com/map?place_id=wpK7URqbAJnWB90W">Beijing</a> and <a href="http://www.flickr.com/map?place_id=YeHeQIybA5mpLWFM">Tehran</a> where, I&#8217;m told, the OSM community has added twice as much data since we first started showing (OSM) maps a month ago!</p>
<p>If it sometimes seems like we&#8217;re doing all of this in a bit of an ad hoc fashion that&#8217;s because we (mostly) are. How and when and where are all details we need to work out going forward but, in the meantime, we have map tiles where there were none before so it can&#8217;t be all bad.</p>
<p>Finally, because the actual decision to attend the conference was so last minute I did not get the memo to all presenters to include a funny picture of <a href="http://www.openstreetmap.org/user/SteveC">SteveC</a> (one of the original founders of Open Street Maps) in their slides.</p>
<p>To make up for that omission, I leave you now with the one-and-only <a href="http://www.asklater.com/steve/">Steve Coast</a>.</p>
<div>
		<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/95939612@N00/2095372820/" title="Steve *loves* Yahoo by Andy Hume, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2412/2095372820_84028a93bc.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="Steve *loves* Yahoo" style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:10px;margin-bottom:10px;"/></a><br />
		</p>
<div style="text-align:right;font-size:small;">photo by <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/95939612@N00/">Andy Hume</a></div>
</p></div>
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		<item>
		<title>Every Step A Story</title>
		<link>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/06/23/every-step-a-story/</link>
		<comments>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/06/23/every-step-a-story/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2009 00:59:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aaron</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iphone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mobile]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nearby]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://code.flickr.com/blog/?p=914</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[


photo by aakash nihalani


Many of you will have already read on the sister Flickr.com blog that we added &#8220;nearby&#8221; pages to the m.flickr.com site, last week, for phones that support the W3C Geolocation API (that means the iPhone, or Gears if you&#8217;ve got an Android phone).
Ross summed it up nicely, writing:

Use this to explore your [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:30px;">
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/28750691@N03/3470681707/" title="stares by aakash nihalani, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3614/3470681707_f09155da22.jpg" width="500" height="300" alt="stares" style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:5px"/></a></p>
<div style="text-align:right;font-size:small;margin-right:20px;">
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/28750691@N03">photo by aakash nihalani</a>
</div>
</div>
<p>Many of you will have already read on the sister Flickr.com blog that <a href="http://blog.flickr.net/en/2009/06/18/nearby-on-your-phone/">we added &#8220;nearby&#8221; pages to the m.flickr.com site</a>, last week, for phones that support the <a href="http://dev.w3.org/geo/api/spec-source.html">W3C Geolocation API</a> (that means the iPhone, or <a href="http://code.google.com/apis/gears/api_geolocation.html">Gears</a> if you&#8217;ve got an Android phone).</p>
<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/81183458@N00/">Ross</a> summed it up nicely, writing:</p>
<blockquote style="margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px;font-family:sans-serif;color:darkslategrey;">
<p>Use this to explore your neighborhood, or find the best places to photograph local landmarks from. Reload the page as you walk around a city, and see the things that have happened there in the past. You&#8217;ll see a place through the eyes of the flickrverse.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>We&#8217;ve also updated the <a href="http://blog.flickr.net/en/2009/02/24/an-abundant-present/">nearby pages on the main site</a> so that when you go to&#8230;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;font-size:large;"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/nearby/">www.flickr.com/nearby</a></p>
<p>&#8230;without a trailing latitude and longitude, we&#8217;ll see if you have any one of a variety of browser plugins that can tell us your location. This is similar to the <code>Find My Location</code> button on the site maps, that <a href="http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/04/16/changelog-find-my-location-button/">Dan described back in April</a>, but for nearby!</p>
<p>Like the iPhone&#8217;s Mobile Safari browser, the <a href="http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/3.5/releasenotes/">next version of  Firefox</a>  (version 3.5, currently being tested as a release candidate) will also support <a href="http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/geolocation/">automagic geolocation</a> so you won&#8217;t even need to install any plugins or other widgets.</p>
<p> Just point your browser to <a href="http://www.flickr.com/nearby">www.flickr.com/nearby/</a> and away you go.</p>
<div style="margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:30px;">
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/lunchwithcandy/sets/72157606241903059/"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3001/2680469636_e8213ff644.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="CIMG2492.JPG" style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:5px" /></a></p>
<div style="text-align:right;font-size:small;margin-right:20px;">
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/lunchwithcandy">photo by Candy Chang</a>
</div>
</div>
<p>The other piece of nearby-related news is Tom Taylor&#8217;s fantastic <a href="http://www.fireeagle.com/">FireEagle</a> application for the Mac called <a href="http://tomtaylor.co.uk/projects/clarke/">Clarke</a>.</p>
<p>Clarke is a toolbar app that sits quietly in the background and scans the available wireless networks using the <a href="http://www.skyhookwireless.com/">Skyhook APIs</a> to triangulate your position and updates FireEagle with your current location.</p>
<p>In addition to being an excellent FireEagle client, Clarke also supports <a href="http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/02/09/things-im-standing-next-to/">Nearby-iness</a> for a variety of services, including Flickr.</p>
<div style="text-align:center;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;">
<img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2448/3652363088_dc1302c3fc_o.png" height="188" width="359" style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:5px;" /></div>
<p>I&#8217;m writing this post from <a href="http://www.flickr.com/groups/flickrheadquarters/pool/">FlickrHQ</a>, in downtown San Francisco, so when I choose <a href="http://www.flickr.com/">Flickr</a> from Clarke&#8217;s <code>Nearby</code> menu it loads the following page in my web browser:</p>
<p style="text-align:center;font-size:large;"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/nearby/37.794116,-122.402776">http://www.flickr.com/nearby/37.794116,-122.402776</a></p>
<p>Which is kind of awesome! It means that you can travel to a brand new place, open up your laptop and just like magic <i>(read: once you&#8217;ve connected to a wireless network)</i> see pictures nearby.</p>
<p>Woosh!</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Flickr Shapefiles Public Dataset 1.0</title>
		<link>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/21/flickr-shapefiles-public-dataset-10/</link>
		<comments>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/21/flickr-shapefiles-public-dataset-10/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2009 23:58:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aaron</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[clustr]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[creativecommons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[shapefiles]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://code.flickr.com/blog/?p=904</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
				

					photo by dp
				

The name sort of says it all, really, but here&#8217;s the short version:
We are releasing all of the Flickr shapefiles as a single download, available for use under the Creative Commons Zero Waiver. That&#8217;s fancy-talk for &#8220;public domain&#8221;.
The long version is:

To the extent possible under law, Flickr has waived all copyright and related [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div>
				<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/dianeperson/3356117774/" title="Yes, it is. by dp., on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3442/3356117774_d5b4d901a6.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="Yes, it is." style="padding:10px;border:1px dotted #ccc;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:10px;"/></a></p>
<div style="font-size:small;margin-bottom:20px;text-align:right">
					photo by <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/dianeperson/3356117774/">dp</a>
				</div>
</p></div>
<p>The name sort of says it all, really, but here&#8217;s the short version:</p>
<p>We are releasing all of <a href="http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/10/30/the-shape-of-alpha/">the Flickr shapefiles</a> as a single download, available for use under the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">Creative Commons Zero Waiver</a>. That&#8217;s fancy-talk for &#8220;public domain&#8221;.</p>
<p>The long version is:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>To the extent possible under law, Flickr has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to the &#8220;Flickr Shapefiles Public Dataset, Version 1.0&#8221;. This work is published from the United States. <i>While you are under no obligation to do so, wherever possible it would be extra-super-duper-awesome if you would attribute <a href="http://www.flickr.com/">flickr.com</a> when using the dataset. Thanks!</i></p>
</blockquote>
<p>We are doing this for a few reasons.</p>
<ul>
<li style="margin-bottom:15px;">We want people (developers, researchers and anyone else who wants to play) to find new and interesting ways to use the shapefiles and we recognize that, in many cases, this means having access to the entire dataset.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom:15px;font-size:auto;">We want people to feel both comfortable and confident using this data in their projects and so we opted for a public domain license so no one would have to spend their time wondering about the issue of licensing. We also think the work that the <a href="http://www.creativecommons.org/">Creative Commons</a> crew is doing is valuable and important and so we chose to release the shapefiles under the <a href="http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0">CC0</a> waiver as a show of support.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom:15px;">We want people to create their own shapefiles and to share them so that other people (including us!) can find interesting ways to use them. We&#8217;re pretty sure there&#8217;s something to this &#8220;shapefile stuff&#8221; even if <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/junku/sets/303691/">we can&#8217;t always put our finger on it</a> so if publishing the dataset will encourage others to do the same then we&#8217;re happy to do so.</li>
</ul>
<div>
				<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/mbkepp/3205712102/"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3344/3205712102_0997aa9218.jpg" height="500" width="500" alt="buster tries to solve our TV problems" style="padding:10px;border:1px dotted #ccc;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:10px;"/></a></p>
<div style="font-size:small;margin-bottom:20px;text-align:right">
					photo by <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/mbkepp/3205712102/">mbkepp</a>
				</div>
</p></div>
<p>The dataset itself is pretty straightforward. It is a single 549MB XML file uncompressed (84MB when zipped). The data model is a simple, pared-down version of what you can already get via <a href="http://www.flickr.com/services/api/">the Flickr API</a> with an emphasis on the <i>shape</i> data.</p>
<p>Everything lives under a single root <code>places</code> element. For example:</p>
<pre style="margin-bottom:20px;">
&lt;place woe_id=&quot;26&quot; place_id=&quot;BvYpo7abBw&quot; place_type=&quot;locality&quot; place_type_id=&quot;7&quot; label=&quot;<a href="http://www.flickr.com/places/CA/QC/Arvida"">Arvida, Quebec, Canada</a>&quot;&gt;
	&lt;shape created=&quot;1226804891&quot; alpha=&quot;0.00015&quot; points=&quot;45&quot; edges=&quot;15&quot; is_donuthole=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
		&lt;polylines <b style="color:pink;">bbox=&quot;48.399932861328,-71.214576721191,48.444801330566,-71.157333374023&quot;</b>&gt;
			&lt;polyline&gt;
				<b style="color:pink;">&lt;!-- points go here--&gt;</b>
			&lt;/polyline&gt;
		&lt;/polylines&gt;
		&lt;shapefile url=&quot;<b style="color:pink;">http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3203/shapefiles/26_20081116_082a565562.tar.gz</b>&quot; /&gt;
	&lt;/shape&gt;

	&lt;!-- and so on --&gt;
&lt;/place&gt;
			</pre>
<p>Aside from the quirkiness of the shapes themselves, it is worth remembering that some of them may just be wrong. We work pretty hard to prevent Undue Wronginess &trade; from occurring but we&#8217;ve seen it happen in the past and so it would be, well, wrong not to acknowledge the possibility. On the other hand we don&#8217;t think we would have gotten this far if it wasn&#8217;t mostly right but if you see something that looks weird, <a href="http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/yws-flickr/">please let us know</a></p>
<p>The dataset is available for download, today, from:</p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;border:1px dotted #666;margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:30px;"><b style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:large;"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/services/shapefiles/1.0/">http://www.flickr.com/services/shapefiles/1.0/</a></b></p>
<p>The other exciting piece of news is that the <a href="http://www.ygeoblog.com/">Yahoo! GeoPlanet</a> team has also released <a href="http://developer.yahoo.com/geo/">a public dataset of <i>all their WOE IDs</i></a> that include parent IDs, adjacent IDs and aliases (that&#8217;s just more fancy-talk for &#8220;different names for the same place&#8221;) under the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</a>.</p>
<p>Which is pretty awesome, really.</p>
<div>
				<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/straup/3539879004/" title="Now &amp; Then by straup, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2333/3539879004_af2c145472.jpg" width="500" height="338" alt="Now &amp; Then" style="padding:10px;border:1px dotted #ccc;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:30px;"/></a>
			</div>
<p>They&#8217;ve also released the <a href="http://developer.yahoo.com/geo/placemaker/">GeoPlanet Placemaker API</a>. You feed it a big old chunk of free-form text and then &#8220;the service identifies places mentioned in text, disambiguates those places, and returns unique identifiers (WOEIDs) for each, as well as information about how many times the place was found in the text, and where in the text it was found.&#8221;</p>
<p>Again, <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/mbiddulph/2327731497/">Moar Awesome</a>.</p>
<p>And a bit dorky. It&#8217;s true. The data, all by itself, won&#8217;t tell a story. It needs <i>people and history</i> to make that possible but as you poke around all this stuff don&#8217;t forget the value of having a big giant, and now open, database of unique identifiers and what is possible when you use them as a bridge between other things. Without WOE IDs we wouldn&#8217;t have been able to <a href="http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/10/30/the-shape-of-alpha/">generate the shapefiles</a> or do <a href="http://www.flickr.com/places/">the Places project</a> or provide a way to <a href="http://toys.lerdorf.com/archives/49-Select-from-World.html">search for photos by place, rather than location</a>.</p>
<p>Enjoy!</p>
<p>Oh, and those &#8220;unidentified&#8221; outliers, in New York City, that I mentioned in <a href="http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/06/the-absence-and-the-anchor/">the last post about the donut hole shapefiles</a>: <i>The Bronx Zoo, Coney Island and Shea Stadium</i>. Of course!</p>
<div>
				<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/straup/3536471854/" title="(if you lived here) by straup, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3297/3536471854_7e10436b3a.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="(if you lived here)" style="padding:10px;border:1px dotted #ccc;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:10px;"/></a></p>
<div style="font-size:small;margin-bottom:20px;text-align:right">photos by <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/ajagendorf25/3457595954/">ajagendorf25</a>, <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/auggie_tolosa/3025514778">auggie tolosa</a> and <i>the sky</i>
			</div>
</p></div>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Absence and the Anchor</title>
		<link>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/06/the-absence-and-the-anchor/</link>
		<comments>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/05/06/the-absence-and-the-anchor/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 21:18:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aaron</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[clustr]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[shapefiles]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://code.flickr.com/blog/?p=885</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
      
photo by selflesh

Back in January, I wrote a blog post about some experimental work that I&#8217;d been doing with the shapefile data we derive from geotagged photos. I was investigating the idea of generating shapefiles for a given location using not the photos associated with that place but, instead, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="margin-top:20px; margin-bottom:30px;">
      <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/selflesh/3147200065/" title="Sketch | 12.28.08 by selflesh, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3103/3147200065_cfc089d2d2.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="Sketch | 12.28.08" style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:10px;margin-bottom:10px;"/></a></p>
<div style="font-size:small;text-align:right;"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/selflesh">photo by selflesh</a></div>
</p></div>
<p>Back in January, I wrote a blog post about <a href="http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/01/12/living-in-the-donut-hole/">some experimental work that I&#8217;d been doing with the shapefile data</a> we derive from geotagged photos. I was investigating the idea of generating shapefiles for a given location using not the photos associated with that place but, instead, from the photos associated with the <i>children</i> of that place. For example, London:</p>
<div style="margin-top:20px; margin-bottom:20px;">
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/straup/3504862388/" title="London by straup, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3561/3504862388_484a0b4d72.jpg"  width="500" height="405" alt="London" style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:10px;"/></a>
</div>
<p>The larger pink shape is what we (Flickr) think of as the &#8220;city&#8221; of London. The smaller white shapes are its neighbourhoods. The red shapes represent an entirely new shapefile that we created by collecting all the points for those neighbourhoods and running them through <a href="http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/04/07/the-only-question-left-is/">Clustr</a>, the tool we use to generate shapes.</p>
<p>For lack of any better name I called these shapes &#8220;donut holes&#8221; because, well, because that&#8217;s what they look like. The larger shape is a pretty accurate reflection of the greater metropolitain area of London, the place that has grown and evolved over the years out of the city center that most people would recognize in the smaller red shape. Our goal with the shapefiles has always been to use them to better reverse-geocode people&#8217;s geotagged photos so these sorts of <a href="http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=timbits&#038;ss=2">variations on a theme</a> can better help us understand <a href="http://magicalnihilism.wordpress.com/2009/04/22/a-palimpsest-for-a-place/">where a place is</a>.</p>
<p>Like New York City. No one gets New York right including us try as we might (though, in fairness, it&#8217;s gotten better recently (no, really)) and even I am hard pressed to explain the giant pink blob, below, that is supposed to be New York City. On the other hand, the red donut hole shape even though (perhaps, because) it spills in to New Jersey a bit is actually a pretty good reflection of the way people move through the city as a whole.</p>
<div style="margin-top:20px; margin-bottom:20px;">
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/straup/3505864039/" title="NYC by straup, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3347/3505864039_7f71cdef4d.jpg" width="500" height="408" alt="NYC" style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:10px;"  /></a>
</div>
<p>It could play New York on TV, I think.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m not sure how to explain the outliers yet, either, other than to say the shapefiles for city-derived donut holes may contain up to 3 polygons (or &#8220;records&#8221; in proper <a href="http://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/shapefile.pdf">Shapefile-speak</a>) compared to a single polygon for plain-old city shapes so if nothing else it&#8217;s an indicator of where people are taking photos.</p>
<p><i>If the shapefiles themselves are uncharted territory, the donut holes are the fuzzy horizon even further off in the distance. We&#8217;re not really sure where this will take us but we&#8217;re pretty sure there&#8217;s something to it all so we&#8217;re eager to share it with people and see what they can make of it too.</i></p>
<div style="margin-top:20px; margin-bottom:20px;">
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/straup/3504858798/" title="Vietnam by straup, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3556/3504858798_517fb8c448_b.jpg"  width="512" height="1024" alt="Vietnam" style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:10px;"/></a>
</div>
<p>(This is probably still my favourite shapefile ever.)</p>
<p>Starting today, the donut hole shapes are available for developers to use with their developer magic via the <a href="http://www.flickr.com/services/api">Flickr API</a>.</p>
<p>At the moment we are only rendering donut hole shapefiles for cities and countries. I suppose it might make sense to do the same for continents but we probably won&#8217;t render states (or provinces) simply because there is too much empty unphotographed space between the cities to make it very interesting.</p>
<p>There are also relatively few donut holes compared to the corpus of all the available shapefiles so rather than create an entirely new API method we&#8217;ve included them in the <a href="http://www.flickr.com/services/api/flickr.places.getShapeHistory.html">flickr.places.getShapeHistory</a> API method which returns all the shapefiles ever created for a place. Each <code>shape</code> element now contains an <b>is_donuthole</b> attribute. Here&#8217;s what it looks like for <a href="http://www.flickr.com/places/United+Kingdom/England/London">London</a>:</p>
<pre style="margin-top:20px; margin-bottom:30px;">
&lt;shapes total="6" woe_id="44418" place_id=".2P4je.dBZgMyQ"
	place_type="locality" place_type_id="7"&gt;

	&lt;shape created="1241477118" alpha="9.765625E-05" count_points="275464"
		count_edges="333" <b style="color:pink;">is_donuthole="1"</b>&gt;

		&lt;!-- shape data goes here... --&gt;

	&lt;/shape&gt;

	&lt;!-- and so on -&gt;

&lt;/shapes&gt;
</pre>
<p>Meanwhile, the <a href="http://www.flickr.com/services/api/flickr.places.getInfo.html">places.getInfo</a> API method has been updated to included a <b>has_donuthole</b> attribute, to help people decide whether it&#8217;s worth calling the <code>getShapeHistory</code> method or not. Again, using London as the example:</p>
<pre style="margin-top:20px; margin-bottom:30px;">

&lt;place place_id=".2P4je.dBZgMyQ" woeid="44418" latitude="51.506"
       longitude="-0.127" place_url="/United+Kingdom/England/London"
       place_type="locality" place_type_id="7" timezone="Europe/London"
       name="London, England, United Kingdom" <b style="color:pink;">has_shapedata="1"</b>&gt;

	&lt;shapedata created="1239037710" alpha="0.00029296875" count_points="406594"
                   count_edges="231" <b style="color:pink;">has_donuthole="1" is_donuthole="0"</b>&gt;

        &lt;!-- and so on --&gt;
&lt;/place&gt;
</pre>
<p>Finally, here&#8217;s another picture by <a href="http://selflesh.blogspot.com/">Shannon Rankin</a> mostly just because I like her work so much. Enjoy!</p>
<div style="margin-top:20px; margin-bottom:20px;">
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/selflesh/2913186810/" title="Guardian by selflesh, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3172/2913186810_2e8f3fd2d6.jpg" width="500" height="500" alt="Guardian" style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:10px;margin-bottom:10px;"/></a></p>
<div style="font-size:small;text-align:right;"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/selflesh">photo by selflesh</a></div>
</div>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Shape of Alpha</title>
		<link>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/10/30/the-shape-of-alpha/</link>
		<comments>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/10/30/the-shape-of-alpha/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Oct 2008 21:21:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aaron</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[geo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[clustr]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://code.flickr.com/blog/?p=278</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[


We have a lot of geotagged photos
Almost ninety million, as I write this, and the numbers keep growing especially as nearly every new smart phone released to market has not only a camera but also the ability to capture location information with it.
For every geotagged photo we store up to six Where On Earth (WOE) [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;">
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/straup/2853741772/" title="Untitled #1221325485 by straup, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3092/2853741772_928938d420.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="Untitled #1221325485" style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:10px;" /></a>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-bottom:15px;">We have a lot of geotagged photos</h2>
<p>Almost ninety million, as I write this, and the numbers keep growing especially as nearly every new <q>smart</q> phone released to market has not only a camera but also the ability to capture location information with it.</p>
<p>For every geotagged photo we store up to six <a href="http://developer.yahoo.com/geo/">Where On Earth (WOE)</a> IDs. These are unique numeric identifiers that correspond to the hierarchy of places where a photo was taken: the neighbourhood, the town, the county, and so on up to the continent. This process is usually referred to as <a href="http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/09/04/whos-on-first/">reverse-geocoding</a>.</p>
<p>Over time this got us wondering: If we plotted all the geotagged photos associated with a particular WOE ID, would we have enough data to generate a mostly accurate contour of that place? Not a perfect representation, perhaps, but something more fine-grained than a bounding box. It turns out we can.</p>
<p>So, starting today there are 150,000 (and counting) WOE IDs with proper (-ish) shape data, available via the <a href="http://www.flickr.com/services/api">Flickr API</a>. What kind of shapes, you ask?</p>
<p>Continents:</p>
<table>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://flickr.com/photos/straup/2986605405/"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3161/2986605405_f50d14c3dc_m.jpg" style="border:none;" /></a></td>
<td width="5%;">&nbsp;</td>
<td valign="top"><a href="http://flickr.com/photos/straup/2986605381/"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3153/2986605381_11c2007119_m.jpg"style="border:none;"  /></a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Countries:</p>
<table>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://flickr.com/photos/straup/2972130238/"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3004/2972130238_70c47e52b3_m.jpg" style="border:none;" /></a></td>
<td width="5%;">&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://flickr.com/photos/straup/2972130754/"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3210/2972130754_71fe99ae37_m.jpg"style="border:none;" /></a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>States and cities:</p>
<table>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://flickr.com/photos/straup/2971287541/"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3288/2971287541_27e6a06a21_m.jpg" style="border:none;" /></a></td>
<td width="5%;">&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://flickr.com/photos/straup/2972131146/"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3067/2972131146_92c785b00c_m.jpg" style="border:none;" /></a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Even neighbourhoods:</p>
<table>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://flickr.com/photos/straup/2972131416/"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3254/2972131416_3d2256360e_m.jpg" style="border:none;" /></a></td>
<td width="5%;">&nbsp;</td>
<td><a href="http://flickr.com/photos/straup/2986628225/"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3166/2986628225_f1c3e1c39c_m.jpg" style="border:none;" /></a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Each one of those illustrations represents the boundaries of a particular place whose outline was generated using <strong>nothing but the latitudes and longitudes of the geotagged photos associated with that location&#8217;s WOE ID</strong>. No <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system">GIS</a> information was harmed in the creation of these shapes.</p>
<p><em>How cool is that?!</em></p>
<h2 style="margin-bottom:15px;">How does it work?</h2>
<p>The short version is: Scary and complicated maths. The longer version is: We are generating <a href="http://biogeometry.duke.edu/software/alphashapes/index.html">alpha shapes</a> using the set of unique latitudes and longitudes associated with a WOE ID. The long version, to quote <a href="http://www.cgal.org/Manual/3.2/doc_html/cgal_manual/Alpha_shapes_3/Chapter_main.html">Tran Kai Frank Da and Mariette Yvinec</a>, is:</p>
<blockquote style="font-family:sans-serif; margin-left:10%;margin-right:10%;">
<p>&#8220;Imagine a huge mass of ice-cream making up the space &#8230; and containing the points as <q>hard</q> chocolate pieces. Using one of those sphere-formed ice-cream spoons we carve out all parts of the ice-cream block we can reach without bumping into chocolate pieces, thereby even carving out holes in the inside (eg. parts not reachable by simply moving the spoon from the outside). We will eventually end up with a (not necessarily convex) object bounded by caps, arcs and points. If we now straighten all <q>round</q> faces to triangles and line segments, we have an intuitive description of what is called the alpha shape&#8230;&#8221;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>(There are also some useful illustrations of what that all means on Francois Belair&#8217;s <a href="http://cgm.cs.mcgill.ca/~godfried/teaching/projects97/belair/alpha.html">	Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Alpha Shapes But Were Afraid to Ask</a> website.)</p>
<h2 style="margin-bottom:15px;">The community of authority and the authority of community</h2>
<p>This is the important part: Many, if not most, of these shapes will look a little weird. Possibly even &#8220;wrong&#8221;. This is both okay and to be expected for a few reasons, at least.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Sometimes we just don&#8217;t have enough geotagged photos in a spot to make it is possible to create a shapefile. Even if we do have enough points to create a shape there aren&#8217;t enough to create a shape that you&#8217;d recognize as the place where you live. We chose to publish those shapes anyway because it shows both what we know and don&#8217;t about a place and to encourage users to help us fix mistakes.</p>
<p>If the shape of the neighbourhood is incomplete or looks weird why not consider organizing a <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/photowalk/map">photowalk</a> around its edges and when you get home add them to the map. The next time we generate a new shapefile for that neighbourhood it should look more like the place you recognize!</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>We did a bad job reverse geocoding photos for a particular spot and they&#8217;ve ended up associated with the wrong place. We&#8217;ve learned quite a lot about how to do a better job of it in the last two years but there is a limit to how much human awareness and subtlety we can codify. Sometimes, the data we have to try and work out what&#8217;s going on is just bad or out of date.</p>
<p>Ultimately, that&#8217;s why we added <a href="http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/08/08/location-keeping-it-real-on-the-streets-yo/">the tools to help users correct their geotagged photos</a> so that we can adjust things to their understanding of the world and begin to map facts on the ground rather than from on high.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>We are not very sophisticated yet in how we assign the size of the alpha variable when we generate shapes. As far as we can tell no one else has done this sort of thing so like reverse-geocoding we are learning as we go. For example, with the exception of continents and countries we boil all other places down to a single contiguous shape. We do this by slowly cranking up the size of the ice cream scoop which in turn can lead to a loss of fidelity.</p>
<p>Does the <q>shape</q> of Florida, or of Italy, include the waters that lie between the mainland and the surrounding islands? It&#8217;s not usually the way we imagine the territory that a place occupies but I think it probably does. On the other hand, including the ocean between California and Hawaii as <q>part of</q> the United States would be kind of dumb.</p>
</li>
<p>Are any of these the correct decisions? We&#8217;re not sure yet.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>A concrete example to illustrate the point. Here are two versions of the island of <a href="http://www.flickr.com/places/Canada/Quebec/Montreal">Montreal</a>, each generated from the same set of coordinates. The version on the left used an alpha number (an ice cream spoon) large enough to ensure that only a single shape was created compared with the version on the right that allowed for two shapes.</p>
<table>
<tr>
<td><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3189/2972131778_d6d2b9a629_m.jpg" /></td>
<td width="5%;">&nbsp;</td>
<td valign="top"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3031/2986660583_6f6bd6f113_m.jpg" width="240" height="181" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>What&#8217;s going on, then? All those photos taken in St. Jean-sur-Richelieu (20 minutes south of Montreal) were added to the map back when we first added geotagging to the site and the information about the province of Quebec was not as detailed as what we have now. Ultimately, we decided to include the version on the left because as <a href="http://magicalnihilism.wordpress.com/2008/10/11/bionic-noticing-on-irving-street/">Matt Jones recently said</a>:</p>
<blockquote style="font-family:sans-serif; margin-left:10%;margin-right:10%;">
<p>&#8220;<em>The long here</em> that Flickr represents back to me is becoming only more fascinating and precious as geolocation starts to help me understand how I identify and relate to place. The fact that Flickr&#8217;s mapping is now starting to <a href="http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/09/04/whos-on-first/">relate location to me the best it can in human place terms</a> is fascinating &#8211; they do a great job, but where it falls down it falls down gracefully, inviting corrections and perhaps <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/blackbeltjones/2920892513/#comment72157607816350512">starting conversation</a>.&#8221;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>As with any visualization of aggregate data there are likely to be areas of contention. One of the reasons we&#8217;re excited to make this stuff available is that much of it simply isn&#8217;t available anywhere else and the users and the developer community who make up Flickr have a gift for building magic on top of the API so we&#8217;re doubly-excited to see what people do with it.</p>
<p>That said please remember that this it is an aggregate view of things and should be treated more like the <a href="http://www.flickr.com/places/US/CA/SF#zeitgeist">the zeitgeist of a place</a> and not as capital-C confirmed facts on the ground or our taking sides in any conflicts (real, imagined or otherwise) between friends and neighbours.</p>
<p>These are not maps you should use to guide your spaceship back to Earth but they&#8217;re probably good enough to explore the possibilities.</p>
<h2 style="margin-bottom:15px;">Clustr</h2>
<div style="margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;">
<a href="http://flickr.com/search/?w=all&#038;q=schuyler+erle&#038;m=text" title="UR DOTZ I HAS DEM"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3252/2985372999_dc8fca06e2.jpg" width="500" height="375" alt="UR DOTZ I HAS DEM" style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:10px;" /></a>
</div>
<p>Meanwhile, back in the nuts-and-bolts department: The actual alpha shapes are generated by a program called Clustr, written for us by <a href="http://iconocla.st/cv.html">the fantabulous Schuyler Erle</a>.</p>
<p>Clustr is a command-line application written in C++ that takes as its arguments the path to a file containing a list of points (the hard chocolate pieces) and an alpha parameter (the ice cream spoon) and generates a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapefile">shapefile</a> describing the contour (the alpha shape) of that list. Anecdotally, we&#8217;ve seen Clustr plow through a file with four million unique coordinates (representing the continental United States, Alaska and Hawaii) in under three minutes on some pretty modest hardware.</p>
<p>The shapedata for a WOE ID is available via the Flickr API using the <a href="http://www.flickr.com/services/api/flickr.places.getInfo.html">flickr.places.getInfo</a> method.</p>
<p>Not all places have shape data yet so the root &lt;place&gt; element contains a <code>has_shapedata</code> attribute for checking at a glance. Otherwise you can test for the presence of a &lt;shapedata&gt; element. It will look like this:</p>
<pre>
&lt;place place_id=&quot;4hLQygSaBJ92&quot; woeid=&quot;3534&quot;
	latitude=&quot;45.512&quot; longitude=&quot;-73.554&quot;
	place_url=&quot;/Canada/Quebec/Montreal&quot; place_type=&quot;locality&quot;
	name=&quot;Montreal, Quebec, Canada&quot;
	<strong>has_shapedata=&quot;1&quot;</strong>&gt;

   &lt;!-- all the usual places hierarchy elements --&gt;

   <strong>&lt;shapedata created=&quot;1223513357&quot; alpha=&quot;0.012359619140625&quot;
      count_points=&quot;34778&quot; count_edges=&quot;52&quot;&gt;
      &lt;polylines&gt;
         &lt;polyline&gt;
            45.427627563477,-73.589645385742 45.428966522217,-73.587898254395, etc...
         &lt;/polyline&gt;
      &lt;/polylines&gt;
   &lt;/shapedata&gt;</strong>

&lt;/place&gt;
</pre>
<p style="text-decoration:line-through;">Sometime next week, we will also include links to a real live <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapefile">ESRI shapefile</a>, the well-known and mostly-loved lingua franca of the GIS community, for each WOE ID. They were supposed to be included with this release but because of a last minute glitch they need to be prettied up a little first. We think that the inclusion of the polylines will be enough to keep people busy until then. Shapefiles will be included, in the API, as a link to a compressed file you can download separately. For example:</p>
<p style="font-style:italic;">Update: The first round of (ESRI) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapefile">shapefiles</a> have been reprocessed and are now available via the API. Shapefiles are included as a link to a compressed file you can download separately. For example:</p>
<pre>
    &lt;urls&gt;
       <strong>&lt;shapefile&gt;
          http://farm4.static.flickr.com/9999/shapefiles/3534_20081020_S33KR3TSHAPE.tar.gz
       &lt;/shapefile&gt;</strong>
    &lt;/urls&gt;
</pre>
<p>Our plan is to generate new renderings on a relatively constant basis, something like every month or two, though we haven&#8217;t firmed up any of those details yet. We&#8217;ll post about them here or on the <a href="http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/yws-flickr/">API mailing list</a> as things are worked out.</p>
<h2 style="margin-bottom:15px;">But wait, there&#8217;s more!</h2>
<p>Along with the shape data the source code for Clustr is available in the Flickr Code <a href="http://code.flickr.com/svn/trunk/clustr/">repository</a> and through <a href="http://code.flickr.com/trac/browser/trunk/clustr">our trac install</a>, distributed under the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html">GPL (version 2)</a>.</p>
<p>Clustr has two major dependencies not included with the source that you will need to install yourself in order to use. They are the <a href="http://www.cgal.org/">Computational Geometry Algorithms Library</a> (CGAL) and the <a href="http://www.gdal.org/">Geospatial Data Abstraction Library</a> (GDAL). Both are relatively straightforward to install on <a href="http://packages.ubuntu.com/">Linux</a> and <a href="http://www.freshports.org/">BSD</a> flavoured operating systems; Windows and OS X are still a bit of a chore.</p>
<p>You probably won&#8217;t be able to download Clustr and simply plug it in to your awesome web-application today but I am hopeful that in time the community will develop higher level language (Perl, Python, Ruby, you name it&#8230;) bindings to make it easier and faster to write tools that build on the work we&#8217;ve done so far.</p>
<div style="margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;">
<a href="http://flickr.com/photos/julianbleecker/2787751572/"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3215/2787751572_c4a74415d6.jpg"  style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:10px;" /></a></p>
<p style="font-size:small;">photo by <a href="http://flickr.com/photos/julianbleecker/">Julian Bleecker</a></p>
</div>
<p style="text-decoration:line-through;">By the way, there is a still a known-known bug in Clustr rendering <q>interior rings</q> (the donut holes where there are no geotagged photos) in shapefiles. Specifically, they holes are rendered as actual polyline records. You can see an example of the problem in the screenshot of the shapefile for North America, above. We hope to have a proper patch in place by the time we make the ESRI files available next week. As it is since the problem only manifests itself for countries and continents it seemed like a reasonable thing for a version 0.1 release.</p>
<p style="font-style:italic;">Update: Clustr 0.2, with a fix for <a href="http://code.flickr.com/trac/changeset/461">errant interior rings</a>, has been checked in to the <a href="http://code.flickr.com/svn/trunk/clustr/">code.flickr.com SVN repository</a>.</p>
<p>Finally, these are early days and this is very much a developer&#8217;s release so we look forward to your feedback and also hope you will be understanding as we learn our way around the gotchas and quirks that will no doubt pop up.</p>
<h2 style="margin-bottom:15px;">In other geostuffs</h2>
<p>In other geostuffs, we have enabled Open Street Maps tiles for two more cities: Baghdad and Kabul and George has written <a href="http://flickrtheblog.wordpress.com/2008/10/30/more-cities/">a fantastic post highlighting some of the photos we&#8217;ve found in both cities</a> so go and have a look.</p>
<div style="margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;">
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/straup/2987745074/" title="Picture 16 by straup, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3035/2987745074_9acfe83c68_o.png" width="488" height="486" alt="Picture 16" style="border:1px dotted #ccc;padding:10px;" /></a>
</div>
<p><small>Map data <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">CCBYSA</a> 2008 <a href="http://OpenStreetMap.org">OpenStreetMap.org</a> contributors</small></p>
<p>Enjoy!</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Defining the boundaries we are all within</title>
		<link>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/08/18/defining-the-boundaries-we-are-all-within/</link>
		<comments>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/08/18/defining-the-boundaries-we-are-all-within/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 18 Aug 2008 23:34:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>revdancatt</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[geo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[corrections]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[maps]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://code.flickr.com/blog/?p=83</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Last week I made a blog post about what we call &#8216;corrections&#8217; and because a picture is worth a thousand words, here&#8217;s where people have been fixing things in Europe &#8230;

&#8230; and over in the US &#8230;

&#8230; as expected most of the corrections to neighborhoods are taking place in major cities. Also seemingly most of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Last week I made a <a href="http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/08/08/location-keeping-it-real-on-the-streets-yo/">blog post about what we call &#8216;corrections&#8217;</a> and because a picture is worth a thousand words, here&#8217;s where people have been fixing things in Europe &#8230;</p>
<p><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3050/2775618657_fff7f83a93_o.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="384" /></p>
<p>&#8230; and over in the US &#8230;</p>
<p><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3173/2775618683_f90728daf6_o.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="329" /><br />
&#8230; as expected most of the corrections to neighborhoods are taking place in major cities. Also seemingly most of the UK, presumably because the population is high and our current data is messy (or too abstract) there.</p>
<p>As we get more of this stuff back, the process of feeding it into the system will get underway (in some form or other).</p>
<p>I wonder that as that happens, we&#8217;ll see the corrections move away from already heavily corrected locations like cities, or if they&#8217;ll continue to be areas that appear to have highly contested borders.</p>
<p>Only time will tell I guess, we&#8217;ll keep tracking it.</p>
<p>Map extracts taken from <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/sm/2774920747/">this world map</a> by Serguei.</p>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>FireDopplGängEaglr</title>
		<link>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/04/30/firedopplgangeaglr/</link>
		<comments>http://code.flickr.com/blog/2008/04/30/firedopplgangeaglr/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 17:27:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aaron</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[api]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dopplr]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fireeagle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mobile]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://code.flickr.com/blog/?p=8</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[First, there was filtr but that&#8217;s another story entirely. The point being that I gave up carrying around a capital-C camera a few years ago choosing instead to make do with cameraphones and the availability of cheap, unlimited data-plans in the U.S.
I am mostly lazy and can&#8217;t really be bothered to shuttle photos around from [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>First, there was filtr but <a href="http://www.aaronland.info/weblog/2006/07/31/baconmelon/#filtr">that&#8217;s another story entirely</a>. The point being that I gave up carrying around a capital-C camera a few years ago choosing instead to make do with cameraphones and the availability of cheap, unlimited data-plans in the U.S.</p>
<p>I am mostly lazy and can&#8217;t really be bothered to shuttle photos around from one device to another only to move them again to the giant device in the sky called Flickr. Before filtr I relied on the <a href="http://flickr.com/account/uploadbyemail/?from=email">upload by email</a> feature to snag a photo and quickly share it with the future-past but the desire to touch up — or filter — the photos before upload meant that I needed to write my own service to accept, process and then <a href="http://www.flickr.com/services/api/upload.api.html">upload pictures to Flickr using the API</a>.</p>
<p><a href="http://flickr.com/photos/straup/2443803186/"><img src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2137/2443803186_0cc144be0f.jpg?v=0" height="375" width="500" alt="ph:camera=n82" /></a></p>
<p>Which is what I want to talk about. Sort of.</p>
<p>Read <a href="http://www.aaronland.info/weblog/2008/04/30/warstories/#firedopplr">the rest of &#8220;FireDopplGängEaglr&#8221;</a> for thoughts on FireEagle, Dopplr, place, and the DWIM engine.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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